Type-writing machine.



10.358,713. PATENTBDJULY 2, 1907.v c. GABRIELSON.

I'YPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLwATI'oN HLED MAR. 1o, 1902.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

www MD TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

'APPLIOATION FILED MAB. 1o. 1902.

5 sHEnTs-SHEET 2A.

.s SGE INVENTQR HIE TTDRNEY WITNEEEES;

PATENTED JULI 2, 1907.`

' c. GABRIIILSON; v

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAB; 10, 1902.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

. INVENTDH M/IINEESES.

` HIS IIQHNEY -PATENTBD JULY 2, 1907.

c. GABRIELSON. TYPE-WRITING MACHINE. APPLIUATION FILED MAIL 10. 1902.

A snnmsfnnm 5.

` INVENTUR H15 TTDHNEY MTM-:5.555 y UNITED STATES 4PATENT OFFIOE.

CARL GABRIELSON, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO UNIONTYPEWRITER COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, .NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OFNEWJERSEY.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

Be it kn`own that I, CARL GARiELsoN, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State ofiifassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inType-Writing Machines, of which the following is a specification. v

My invention relates to denominational tabulating mechanism fortypewriting machines, and the main object of said invention is toprovide a simple and et'iicient mechanism of the character described.

A further object ot' the invention is to provide simple and ei cientautomatically operated means for preventing rebound of the carriage whenits travel is arrested by the engagement of the tabulator stops.

Tothese main ends my invention consists in the novel features ofconstruction, arrangements and combinations oi parts to behereinafterdescribed and more particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein like refercnce charactersdesignate like parts in the various views,-Figure 1 is afront to rearsectional view, with parts in elevation, of one form oi typewritingmachine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same,but omitting some of the parts for the sake of clearness. Fig. 3 is afragmentary sectional plan view of-a portion of the tabulatingmechanism. is a plan view of the rear upper portion oi the machine andillustrating a portion of the tabulating mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of a portion of the tabulatingmechanism. Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view of the denominationalstop carrier, the view be- 'ing taken on the line rtf-:r of Fig. 7, andlooking in the direction of the arrow in said ligure. Fig 7 is a sideview of the same. Fig. Sis a developed plan view of the circulardenominational stop support; the view illustrating the disposition ofthe denominational stops.

Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional t iew of the sto p rod with one of thetabulating stops inposition thereon. Fig.

10 is a bottom view of one of the tabulating stops with the springremoved. Fig. 11 is a bottom view of the clamping spring for one of thetabulating stops. Fig.

12 is a detail fragmentary side view, partly in section,

of one ofthe tabulator keys, and its spring. Fig. 13 is atransverse,'sectional view of the same. taken on the line y-y of Fig.l2. Fig. 14 is a detail plan view, partly in horizontal section, of thestop rod and its supporting means. Fig. ]5 is a det-ail rearl elevationof the denominational stop carrier and a portion of the ear- 5() riageto which it is attached. Fig. 16 is aii enlarged transverse sectionalview through the stop rod. the view illustrating in full lines thetabulating and denominational stops andthe relative arrangement thereofin the machine when the tabula-ting mechanism is not in operation. Fig.17' is a detail perspective View of Specication of Letters Patent.

Application tiled March 10, 1902. Serial No. 97,494.

certain supporting brackets which will hereinafter bo more fullydescribed. Fig/18 is a View similar to Fig. 4 but showing additionallythe inc-.ms for preventing a rebound of the carriage. Fig. 19 is ahorizontal sec-A tional view of the stop rod and its supporting meansemployed in connection with the ine-ans for preventing the rebound ofthe carriage. view showing portions of thc mechanism illustrated in Fig.18. Fig. 2l is a fragmentary detail plan view of the carriage feedpinion, its shaft and bearing; the

view illustrating the means for guiding the iced rack Patented July 2,1907'.

Fig. 20 is a perspective tending bell crank lever 10 which is pivoted-at11 to a key lever 12 that is pivoted in the frame of the machine at 13and is provided with the Vusual finger key 14. I

This bell crank or vsub-lever 10 has a dependingpertion which extendsbelow its associated /keyvi'ever and l which is slotted at l5forco-operatiptiwith a fixedfulcrum bar 16 that may be supported bysuitable brack-v ets 17 and each of the key levers may be'restored tothenormal position by a spring 18, all as fullyshown and described in the,Letters PatentNo. 657,927,l granted to Jacob Felbel, September 18,1900'. Extending be neath the various key levers 12 is a transverseuniversal bar 19 which is' connected at its'ends to upright links orrods 20 which in turn connected at their upper ends to a rocker arm 2].that projects fronia,y rock shaft 22, supported by centers or pivots 23and provided 'l with a carrier 24 for the usual feed dogs'25f' 26 is theusual returning spring for thedog rocker. The feed dogs 25 co-operatevwitha feed or eseapement wheel 27 which is operatively'connected :to ashaftv 2S,

(see Fig. 21) that rotates in a bearing 29 and which is` provided at'itsforward end witha feed pinion 30; 'Co' operating with this feed pinion.30 is a carriage 'feed rack 31 that is carried by arms 32 whichare'securcd to rock shafts 33 adapted to rotate in bearings 34. on thecarriage 35. These rock shafts 33 may each be provided with a finger keyor crank arm4- 36', bygmeans of which the 'rack 3'1 may be elevated ordisengaged ironitlie feed pinion 30 and thus permit a free movement oftlief carriage. 'lhis carriage 35 includesv a bar 37 having" oppositelydisposed track or race-ways 38. Antifric tion balls 39 are adapted to bereceived f withi'n these race-ways andin the cooperating race-'waysofthe fixed rails 40, which are secured to brackets or uprights 41, thatin turn are mounted to the top'platc 2 oi the machin e.

chine is provided a series of denominational key levers 42 which arepivoted at their rear ends on a rod or pin 43 that is supported bybracket arms 44 depending from the base portion of the frame of themachine. Each of these denominational key levers extends to the keyboardof the machine and is provided with a fingerykey or button 45. Eachdenominational key llever is likewise provided with a contact piece 46which is preferably rounded at its lower contact face 47 and theseContact pieces are made in loop or U-form and are so secured to thelever as to leave a space between the bottom of the lever and the loopfor the reception of one end of a spring 48, which at this point mayalso engage a notch in the key lever, as shown in Figs. l2 and 13. Therearwardly projecting free end of each spring is adapted to bear upon axed cross-bar 49 which is carried by the bracket arms 44.

Upon examination-of Fig. l of the drawings, it willl be observed thatthe various contact pieces 46 are secured to their respectivedenominational key levers at varying distances from the pivot rod 43thereof. These Contact pieces 46 are adapted to bear upon an underlyingbar cross-head or horizontal plate 50 which preferably is formedintegral with vertically arranged side arms 50, the plate and armsformingA a sort of frame which is pivoted upon a bar l that is securedto bracket arms-"2 which depend from the frame of the machine. TE .erear ends of thev side bars 59E of the frame are united by a pivot piece53 from which extends upwardly a rod or link 54 that projects throughapertures in the hase plate and top plate of the machine through a tube55 which is supported on the top of the base plate. This rodor link 54has an adjustable. collar 56 to serve as an abutmentfor the upper end ofan expansion spring 57; the lower end bears upon the flange 55a. formedat the lower end of the tube 55, as

threaded sleeve 71.

shown at Figs. 1 and 2. At Fig.5 the spring is broken away. The upper.end of the rod or link 54 is threaded at 58 and receives the sleeve 59forming part of a rack frame or carrier 60 having vertically arrangedteeth 61. .Iam-nuts 62 may be threaded upon the rod above and below thesleeve 59 of the carrier so as to enable it to be adjusted andheld'inithe proper position. This rack carrier 60 is slotted verticallyand longitudinally as at 63 for the reception of a headed screw 64, thethreaded stem of which takes into a threaded opening in a bracket 65,which is secured by screws 66 to one ol the carriage supporting brackets4l. Another bracket 67 is secured in position in a like manner and bothbrackets constitute supports or bearings lor a stop rod or rock shalt68. Thus upon reference to Fig. 14, it will be seen that one end of therock shaft or stop rod 68, which is cylindrical in cross section, isreceived within a cylindrical opening in the bracket so that it mayrotate therein. The opposite end of this rock shaft is provided with areduced portion 69 which forms a circumferential shoulder 70 that -bearsagainst the inner end of an externally The threads vof this sleeveengage internal threads in the bracket 67 so that the sleeve and stoprod may receive a slight longitudinal adjustment. The outer end of thereduced portion of the stop rod has a threaded opening therein whichreceives the stem of a headed s1. rew 72, and the head of the screw isreceived within an opening in the knurled head 73 of the sleeve 7l andbears against a shoulder 74 formed by said opening. By these means therock shaft is free to turn'in the sleeve 7l and the opening in thebracket 65 but is prevented from longitudinal movement, though as beforestated a slight longitudinal adjustment may be given to the rock shaftby turning the sleeve 7l in its bearings and a jam-nut 75 may beemployed to rigidly secure the sleeve in its adjusted position. Thelefthand end of the stop rod, in Fig. 14, is apertured for the receptionof astud 76 which projects from one side of a pinion 77 and a pin 78 ispassed through openings in the stop rod and stud to secure the pinionand the stop rod together. This pinion 77 meshes with the rack 6l,hereinbefore described, so that a vertical movement ol the rack todifferent extents will cause a turning of thc stop rod to differentextents. The stop rod is serrated at 78x on opposite sides thereof so asto form teeth and kerfs and the bases of these kerfs are straight orflat as indicated at 79 in Figs. 9 and 16. A column or tabulating stop80 projects from a segmental stop carrier Sl, which is illustrated indetail in Figs. 9 and l0 of the drawings. This stop carrier i's forkedor bifurcated as at 82 and adapted to co-operate with the walls 79 ofthe serrations in the stop rod and thusenable the stop and rod to rotatetogether. It will be understood that when these forks are seated withinthe serrations, which are letter space distances apart, the stop and itscarrier are prevented from moving longitudinally upon the stop rod, andin order to prevent accidental detachment of the stop carrier from therod, I have provided a C shaped clamping spring 83, which is secured atits middle by a screw 84 within a C-shaped housing 8l.n forming part ofthe carrier and extending laterally of the forks 82. Said springembraces a cylindrical portion of the stop rod below its axis and thustends to hold the stop carrier upon the rod. In order to adjust thevstop on the rod 68, it is merely necessary to withdraw the stop carrierlaterally against the tension of the spring 83, and re-engage it withthe rod at tho desired point by insel-lf ing the forks 82vinto oppositekerfs and causing the spring to embrace the rod, as at Fig. 9. number ofletter spaces which the carriage may make maybe provided upon the stoprod to facilitate an adjustment of the tabulating or column stopsthereon.

The various tabular key levers 42 are limited in their downward movementby stop pins or screws 86 which are held in or threaded in openings in aplat-e 87-that is supported by depending arms 88 from the base of themachine. It will be observed that these various stop pins 8G extend todifferent heights and thus vz.-

riably limit the depression of the different denominational key levers42. These key levers 42 are adapted to bear upon a cross-bar 89 which isconnected at its ends to a yoke or frame 90 that is pivoted upon the rod5l, heretofore described. One side ol this yoke or frame 90 is extendedrearwardly to form'an arm 91 to which is pivoted at 92 a link or rod 93which is preferably a two-part link; the separate parts of which arethreaded at 94 with right and left-hand screw-threads, that co-operatewith a`turn buckle 95 in order to shorten or lengthen the link. Theupper end of this link is pivoted at 96 to a horizontal lever 97 that ispivoted at 98 to a stud'99 which projects from the under-face of thetopl plate 2 of the machine. To the inner end of this lever-is-pivotedat 100 a feed rack disengaging piece or yoke 101, which is bitureited atits upper end A scale 85 or bar or plate through the contactot' the part46 therewith but Athat such depression will likewise cause a downwardmovement of the yoke 90, thus drawing down one end oi the lever 97 andelevating the opposite end thereof, which causes the disengaging yokeor.

piece 101 to be elevated and the carriage feed rack 31 lo be lifted fromits pinionSO. The yoke or rack litter |01 is guided during this verticalmovement thereof by .its arms 102 engaging within recesses 104 ith-medin the bearing 29 ,oi the feedpinion shaft 28, as illustrated in Fig.21.' Depression of the various denominational ,key levers will variablydepress the cross plate or bar 50 or move it down differentl distancesaccording to' the ,key lever operated by reason of the location orarrangement oi the contact pieces 46 at various distances from the pivot51 of-the`pivoted cross plate 50, and by reason of Athe fact that thedepth of depression of the different denominational keys is controlledor variahly limited by the setting of the cooperating stops 80, of whichthere is one ior each said key lever. The effect of this varyingdepression of the cross plate* 50 is to impart to the stop rod (throughthe link 54, rack-61 and pinion 74) a differential or variable turningmovement or oscillation in order ,to`

, bring the 'tabulating stop thereon into the path of the desireddenominational stop carried by the carriage. The stop 80, in turningwith the stop rod, moves in a plaire that extends fore and ait of themachine so that the impact against the stop is received lengthwiseagainst the rod and does not tendito move the stop from -.the positiontowhich it has been turned. A bracket 105 is secured by 4screws 106(Fig. 15) to the carriage rack bar 37 and this bracket is formed orprovided with a tubular or hollow cylindrical stop carrier 107 andprovided interiorly with a series of radiallyarranged denominationalstops l108. These stops are.v also segmentally or` eircularly andspirally arranged, as

indicated in Figs. (i, 7, 8 and 16 of the drawings, and are situated aletter space distance apart in their spiral arrangement or consideredlongitudinally of the tube 107. Eight of these concentrically arrangedstops are shown, there being one for each denominational key employed.This cylindrical stop carrier surrounds the stop rod'and `the tabularstop as shown in Fig. lli and during the movement oi the carriage whenthe tabulating mechanism is not in operation, the tabular stop on therod 68 will not arrest the4 carriage, because. it stands normally in aposition where it cnnnot be struck b'yoneoi' thedenominational stops108, llyreferringto Fig. 10, it will be observed that the said stops 10Sdo not extend completely around the inside of the tube or carrier 107and hence that there is a bla-nk spacelOSX at the forward portion oi thetube for the accommodation of the stop 80 which normally projectsforwardly ns shown in full lines in said ligure.` 1t will `therefore beseen that in the back and forth travel of the carriage when the sleevepasses over tlic stop device on the rod`68 there is nothing for the stop80 toy be struck by and hence it will fail to arrest the carriage. When,howover, a tabular or denominational key is depressed, it will cause a4corresponding depression of the rack 61, which will result in the stoprod being turned in its bearings, thus moving the column stop 80 fromthe full line position shown in Fig. 16 to, We w-ill assume, the dottedline position represented in the same figure, and at which time thetabulating stop extends in the path of one of the denominationalstops,vsaid denominational stop depending upon the particular tabularkey which as been depressed. It will be seen that at or about the end ofthe turning of the stop 80 to the selected position, the 'lever 97 isvibrated and the earriage feed rack disengaged from its pinion, and thecarriage is free to be propelled in the direction of its feed by theordinaryspring drum 109 `and sti-'ap 110 secured to said drum at 111 andconnected to the carriage at. 112 by hooking upon an arm 113 dependingfrom the carriage in the usual way. A separate denominational key isprovided for each denominational position and is 1effective tomove thetabulating .stop y80 into the path of the corresponding denominationalstop. Thus, for instance, the tabular key which is shown provided with adecimal point is adapted to turn the stop rod and the tabulating stop 80thereon into the path of the last of the vseginentally arrangeddenominational stops and of course to simultaneously release thecarriage, whereas the vunits denominational key will turn the stop rodso as to move`the tabulating stop 80 into` the path of the next to thelast denominational stop 108, and so on throughout the remaining tabularkeys.

On account of the spiral arrangement of the denominational stops, or oftheir offseting one from the other progressively as they extend roundinside of the tube, their operative faces lie in parallel verticalplanes, taken transversely through the tube, which are equidistant andat a letter space distance apart, as indicated by the dotted lines a atFig. 8, and hence these stops 108 are adapted vto caiise the arrest ofthe carriage at diverent denominational positions, depending upon theamount of'rotation or oscillation given to Vthe stop 80 or to itsangular position on the rod at the completion oi its oscillatorymovement,V the stop 80 (in any position which it mayoccupy Aor be setlongitudinally on the rod) swinging always in the same vertical planethat extends fore Aand ait. ofthe machine but to different extents or todifferent angular positions. Thus if it be desired to.write 10, thedenomiuatiorial key bearing the inscription 10. is actuated and .thecolumn stop 80 is turned rearwardly l1-15 in the direction oi the arrowin Fig. 16 to what may be called its third position, (said stop beingadapted y lo be turnedv to eight diiierent'positions) and in thisposition' it will be brought Ainto the plane or path of movement of therelatively vfixed third rdenomina- 120 tional stop on` the carriage(counting fromv decimal stop) and hence when the carriage is releasedand said denominational` stop strikes the stop 80, the carriage will bearrested and in the proper denominational position for the immediatewriting in of the numeral 1 of the- 125 10 to be written. Thedenomination key having been released upon the stoppage of thecarriage,- the carriage maypf course continue its step-bystep 'feedmovement ns the numeral type keys are actuated to enable the operator totypewrite the amount to be written.

In further explanation, let us say that the column stop 80 is set at thepoint 60 on the scale oi the column stop rod so as to define ordetermine the righthand side or limit of the column to be written. iithe decimal key be depressed, the carriage will be released and arrestedat the sixtieth position oi the carriage or when this part oi' theplaten is in register with the printing point. It, however, the unitskey be depressed, the carriage will be arrested one step or letter spacein advance oi said sixtieth position; it the tens key be depressed, thecarriage will be ar. rested two spaces in advance oi said position andso on up to the highest denominational key, which in this case ismillions, and when thel last mentioned key is actuated the carriage willbe arrested seven spaces in advance oi-the point 60 or at 53 on thecarriage scale, so that when the amount 1000000 has been written in, thesixtieth point on the right-hand side of the column will then be broughtin alinement with the common printingr center. Thus the carriage has agreater length of jump or travel when'the lower denomination keys areactuated than when the higher ones are used, for ii the carriage be at40" when the units key is actuated the carriage will skip from 40 to59]y whereas if .the millions key be employed, the carriage willskipfonly from 40 to 53. Hence the denomination stops f 108 are arrangedwith the units at the lett-hand end of the spiral or the leithand end ofthe tube, and the millions at the righthand end thereof, thecarriage'being arranged in this instance to travel irom right'to leftconsidered from the front ofthe machine.

At Fig. 1.6, I have indicated the values orthe dilierent stops byplacing marks corresponding thereto in radial alineinent therewith andfrom this it will be observed that the stop. 80 is turned one step toarrest the carriage at the decimal position, twice far to arrest thecarriage at the units position7 and so on around to its eighth positionin order to arrest the carriage at the millions place. In practice thecarriage is not released until the stop S0 has been whirled around intothe path oi the proper denominational stop, but the releasemecha/nismvis started in action just before the completion of therotation ol' the stop 80.

It will be observcrl-v at Iiigs. (i and S that the active or stoppingiat-.estoi the teeth oi the stops IOS are plane but that their backs andsides are beveled or tapering and so as to reduce their thickness or width at the points or tree ends, while leaving th em suiiiciently wide andirm bases towithstand the shocks or blows to which they are subjected.,By tapering or lieveling the backs oi the said stops or teeth a widerspace is created between the face of one tooth :and the back of anadjacent tooth at and nearfthe free ends of the teeth and this space ismade sulliciently wide t0 enable the tree beveled end of the column stoptooth 80y (which is preferably beveled in an opposite direction to thebcvcling on the stops l08) to swing through between two adjacent teethand thus avoid or escape any 'oi the teeth lOB when swinging around tothe selected position in the event that at the time the tabulatingmechanism is to be actuated the tube carrying the denomination stops isover or sur-l rounding the column stop and which latter might bearrested or blocked'bnt for this provision or feature'of` construction.

Now t The plate 50 and its supporting bars may be considered as auniversal frame since it is actuated by each dcnomination key lever; andthe cross-bar 8l) and its su pporting` arms may likewise be consideredas universal trame for the same reason, the first mentioned frame:acting always on the column stop bar to turn it through dilicrentdistances and the last mentioned frame acting always on the feed rack todisengage it from its pinion when any denomination key is depressed. .heextent of depression of the universal frame 50, 50 is regulated ordetermined by the extent to which the key lever l2 in action may bedepressed, the said key-levers having each a different extent oldepression, and this is prodetermined by the setting of the scro\vstops80; for cxample, the stop 86 which limits thc downward movement ol thedenomination key representing units is higher than the stop whichcontrols the descent oi thc key representing thousands and hence whenthc iormcr key is actuated it is depressed less than the thousands keyund in turn deprcsses the universal frame to u lcss extent and throughit and its connections turn thc column stop S0 through a smaller arcthan when thc thousands koy is operated. Preferably the series ofdenomination key levers 42 are guidcd :it near their forward ends 'by acomb l2 rising from the pluto 87. Prolcrably also cach denomination keylever 42 is for-mcd or provided on its undcrsidc with u projection. 42for operating the universal humo that connects with the curriugcrclcu'sc und thcsc projections or lips l2 muy bc oi diilercut lengthsund so as to strike tho cross-bm' Si) oly snid immo ut dill'crent limosin the dcprc ions of the dil'lercut levers and so as to rclc-.isc the(uiiiagc ut the proper time, it boing desirable as bcl`orc cxplniucd,that the carriage bc not released until the column stop has 'been turncdaround into thc path oi thc sclcctcd dos nominational stop. lint for thcprovision ol' lhcsc diit'erent sized lips or projections y12" thccarriage might lic prematurely rclcuscd during thcy operation of om olthc keys having the greater dcprt sion. It will therefore hc seen thatit isa icuturc ol' my invention lo variubly release the carriage orrolo-.isc it .u dil'l'crcut tinusl by different denomination kcys.though tho curi-ingo is ulways rclcascd at thc sanno time rclruivc tothc inici positioning ol the lubulutiiur stop St) in the path of :idcnomiuationul stop, irrcspcctivc oi thc dcnomin-.iliouul stop withwhich thc slop S0 co-oporatcs.

llll') lll) Oi coursc there may be as runny column stops S() omployed asmay bc dcsircd :1nd they only bc adjusted at different points on thc rodin uccorduuco with the character' ol the workin hund. Two such stops:u'fl

lpart of my invention is concerned, thc said antiwar nage-reboundingmeans muy be employed in connection with various other styles orconsiruclions oi column stop and tabulating mechanisms. In thecoustruction represented in these .ligurcs the slop rod 86, instead oibeing fixed against longitudinal movement in both directions, as in theconstruction hcrcin` before described, has a slight movement in thedirection oi its length and this is effected by providing a spacebetween the circumferential abutment 70 litl formed by the reducedbearing portion 69*L on the rod and the inner end of the externallyscrew-threaded sleeve 71. In this construction the head 72b of'thescrew72a is extended outside of and beyondthe knurled head 731 on thesleeve 71, and c'o-operating with this head 72J is a yoke 113 that iscarried by the free end of r a lever 114 which is' pivoted at -115 lto abracket 115 and aspring 116 exerts a pressure on saidlever-in thedirection of the arrow in Fig. 18. Pivoted to this lever at 117intermediate of its ends is a link 118 which has its opposite endpivoted at 119 to an engaging piece or lever 120 which is pivoted at 121to the bearing 29 o f the -feed pinion shat. i The forward or free endof this engaging piece or lever is adapted to bear against andco-operate with the side of the feed rack 3l and thus check or prevent arebound of the carriage and assure its maintenance at the position whereit is arrested by the tabulating mechanism.

- When a tabular -key is depressed the releasedcarriage is drawn by itsspring drum in the direction of l l 1o nominational stops reachescontact with the tablulatl ing stop 8O which has been interposed in itspath. The impact of the carriage, or of the denominational stop carriedthereby, against the interposed tabulating stop will cause the stop rodto receive a slight longitudinal lnovement toward the left. Thismovement will be transmitted through the lever 114l to the link 118 andby said link to the arresting piece, brake or dog 120 whose inner end'will be swung into contact with one side of the feed rack and pressingthereon, thus prevent a rebound of the carriage. As will be seen at Fig.18, the dog is normally out of contact with the side of the rack 31 andoccupies such an angular position in' reference thereto that when itspoint is swung to' Wards the right by the impact of the carriage, saidpoint approaches and binds orclamps against the outer sidev of the feedrack somewhat after the fashion of a cam or eccentric. When the carriageis moved to the right or the tabulating key releasedlby the operator,the tabulating stop will no longer be under compression of the carriage.spring, by reason of the fact that the tabulating and denominationalstops are no longer in contact and the spring 116 is at this timeeffective to move the stop rod towards the right to the normal positionand at the saine time release the holding dog 120 from contact with thecarriage feed rack.

It will be observed that the device shown and described fory preventingthe rebound of the carriage is automatic in its action and that thegreater the force of impact of the carriage against the tabulating stop,the

- greater will be the hindering vice 120 against the side of thefeed'rack; It will likewise be understood that theshock of the impact ofthe carriage against the tabulating stop is not resisted by a fix-edabutment but'it is distributed and the force of the impact is employedto effect the actuation of the vmechanism for preventing a rebound. ofthe carriage. l This mechanism is of value in tabulating i deviceswherein ordinarily the carriage is liable to rebound one, two, three oreven four letter space distances and the feed rack will often engage itspinion before the carriage has an opportunity to recover from therebound and to settle against the tabulating stop, so that thecarriageinstead of being arrested at a predetermined -ment or properdenominational position.

' its feed with considerable speed until one of the deforce of thepressure depoint will be arrested at one, two, three or four letterspace distances to the right of sucli point. The operator ordinarilywill not perceive this defect until the writing has been done, when, toolate, it will be found that the figures ofthe columns arethrown out ofaline- By my present invention, these diiiiculties are entirely obviatedand a simple and efficient device is provided to prevent a rebound ofthe carriage. As far. as this part of my invention is concerned, verymany different changes may be made in the means for holding the carriageor resisting its rebounding action without departing from the spirit ofmy invention and it will be understood that the dog or other pressuredevice -120 which is moved into position by the impact of theco-opera'ting stops' may be otherwise formed and may engage some otherpart of the carriage than the feed rack, which in the present machineisemployed merely because it is convenientto use it instead of applyinga separate and independent bar to the carriage o r using some other partof the carriage in lieu thereof. This mechanism may also be used intabulating devices Where there arey no denominational stops but onlycolumn stops.

While I have shown and described but one embodiment of the variousfeatures of my tabulating invention, it should be understood that manydetail changes in the construction may be made withoutl departing fromthe spirit of my invention and that one or more of the features of theinvention may be employed with-A out the others.l In companion casesfiled .of even date herewith and bearing Serial Nos. 97,493 and 97,495,

some of my improvements are shown carriedout in other forms oftabulating mechanism. l

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:-

1. In a typewriting machine and in tabuluting mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a tubular support. a tnbulating stop projecting inwardlyfrom said tubular support. a stop bur which extends longitudinally ofthe carriage and through said tubular support. a tabuluting s topcarried by said stop bnr, and means for turning one of suid stops intoand out o f the path of the other;

2. In a typewriting machine and in tnbulnting mechanism, the combinationof a carriage. a tubular support, :1 plurality of denominational stopsprojecting inwardlyA from saidtubular supporta stop bnr which extendslongitudinally of the carriage .and through-said tubular support, :1tubulating,l stop carried by said stop har. and means for turningr thedenominationaly stops und the tubulnting" stop one with relation to theother to different extents to bringthe tnbulating stop and the variousdenominational stops into leo-operative relation.

3. In a typewriting machine and in tahulating mechanism, the combinationo1 :i carriage. :1 tubular support, a tabulating stop projectinginwardly from said tubular support, a stop bar which extendslongitudinally of the carriage and through said tubular support. ataliuluting stop carried by sild stop bnr', means for turning one ofsaid stops into and out of the path of the other, and means forautomatically edectinga release of the carriage when the stops have beeninterposed in one anothers path.

4. In a typewritng machine and in tnbulnting mechanism, the combinationof :i carriage. a tubular support, a plurality of denominational stopsprojecting inwardly from said tubular support, 'a stop bar which extendslongitudinally of the carriage and through said tubular support. arubulating stop carried b v saidstop bnr, means for turning thedenominational stops andthe tabulating stop one with relation to theother to dillerent extentsrto bring the tabulating stop and the vnr-ionsdenominational stops into 2o-operative relation, and means forautomatically. electinnT a release of the carriage when the stops havebeen interposed in one anothers path.

5. ln a typewriter' machine and in tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a tubular support rigidly connected to said carriage, aplurality' of denominational stops projecting inwardly from said tubularsupport, a rock shaft which extends longitudinally -or the carriage, andwhich projects through said tubular support, a tabulating `stop fixed toturn with said roclr shatt, and means for turning said rock shaft todiierent extents to vinterpose the stop thereon in the paths of thedifferent denominational stops.

6. In a typewriting machine and in tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a tubular support rigidly connected to said carriage, aplurality of denominational stops projecting inwardly and radially fromsaid tubular support; a rock shaft which e. tends longitudinally' of thecarriage and projects through saidtubular support,

a tabulating stop fixed to turn with said rock shaft, means said tubularsupport,l a tabulating stop which turns with for turning said'rocirshaft to different extents to Yinterpose the stop thereon into .thepaths of the different denominational stops, and means forautomatically` releasing the carriage when theroclx. shaft is turned tointerpose the stop thereon in the path of one of the denominationalstops.

'l'. in a typewritinglma'chine and in tabulating mechanism, thecombination-of a carriage, a iixed tubular support, a plurality ofdenominational stops projecting radially and spirally within saidtubular support and arranged to provide a space to permit a freemovement oithe carriage when the tabulator is not in operation, a rock shai-t, which extends longitudinally of the carriage and projects throughsaid tubular support, a tabulating stop which turns'wlth said rock shaftand is adjustable longitudinally thereon, and means for turning saidrock shaft to ditferent extents to bring the stop thereon intoco-operation with the selected denominational stop.

8. In a typewriting machine 'and in tabuiating mechanf ism, thecombination of a carriage, a tubular support rigidly connected to saidcarriage, a plurality of 'denominational stops projecting inwardly fromsaid tubular support and which are arranged spirallyand scgmentally Vsoas to provide a space to permita free movement of the carriage when thetahulator is'lnot operated, a rock shaft which extends longitudinally ofthe carriage and projects through said rock shaft and isadjustablelongitudinally thereon, key actuated means for turning said rock shaftto diiierent extents to iuterpose the stop thereon into the paths of thedifferent denominational stops, and inea'ns for automaticallyreleasing,r the carriage when the rock shaft is turned.

9. In a typewriting machine and in tabulating mechan ism, thecombination of a carriage, a tubular support rigidly connected to saidcarriage, a plurality of spirallyv arranged denominational stopsprojecting inwardly from said tubular support, a rock shaft whichextends longitudinally of the carriagevand projects through said tubularsupport, a, tabulating stop fixed to turn with said rock shaft, and aseries oi. keys at the keyboard of the machine for turning said rockshaft to diierent extents and thus interposing the stop on the rockshaft into the paths of the diierent denominational stops.v A

'10, In a typewriting machine and tabnlatl'ng mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a tabulating SWP, Seg mentally,v and spirallyarrangeddenominational stops which are spaced apart to permit thetabulating and dernominational stops to pass one another in a transversedirection, there being a space between the terminal denominational`stops to permit a free longitudinal movement ot the ldenotairrationaland tabulating stops'past one another during the travel of the carriagewhen the tabulating mechanism is not in operation, and means forinter-posing one of said tabulatlng end denominational stops in the pathoi the other. v

'11'. In a typevrriting machine and tabulatin'g mechanism, thecombination of a power driven carriage, a. beveled tabulatlng stop, 'aseries of radially arranged beveled denominational stops which arespaced apart to permit the denominationalnnd tabnlingstops to pass oneanother', and means for inierposinglone of, s .eld stops in the path ofthe other.

12. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a beveled tabulating stop, a series oi'radially arranged beveled ilcnoininational stops which arc spaced apartto permit the denominational land tabnlatin;- stops to pass one anotherwhen the izabulating mechanism is being operated, the beveled faces ofthe denominational ,stops heini; disposed opposite to the beveled faceon the tabulation stop, there bc in,r a space between the terminaldenomina tional stops to enable the tabulating and denominational stopsto pass one another when the tabulating mechanism is not in operation`13. ln a typewriting machine andiabulating mechanis'm, the combinationof acarriage, a series of denominational stops, a series ot keys whichare movablel io diilcrcnt extents, adjustable means for determining theextents of movement of said keys, a tal'iulatilngr stop with which saidkeys are connected to bring it into the paths of the denominationalstops and to arrest tbe carriage at difierent denominational positions.

14. In' a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a series of denomina tional stops, a series of key-leverswhich 4are movable to different extents, a tahulating stop with whichsaid hcys co-operate to, bring it into the paths of the denominationalstops,v and to arrest the carriage at diil'creni denominationalpositions, and means for automatically releasing| the carriage on theactuation of any of said keys.

15. In 'a typewriting machine and tahu'latim,y mechantional stops, aseries of key-levers which are movable to different extents, a columnstop with which said licys co' operate to bring it into the path of thedenominational stops, and means controlled by said key-levers forautomatically releasing the carriage after the column stop has been4brought into the path o the selected denominational stop, irrespectiveof the denominational stop selected.

16. ln a typewriting machine and tabulating,r mechanism, the combination01,11 carriage, a series of denominational stops, a4 series of heylevers which are movable to different extents.. a tabulating stop withwhich said key levers co-operate, a universal frame or bar whih is actnated by all of said key levers, and means controlled by said iniversalframe or bar for releasing the carriage.

17. n-a 'typewriting machine and tabulationr mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a series of segmcntally arranged denominational stops, aseries of keys which are depressible to diierent extents, and atabnlating stop with 'which said keys co-operate to bring it into thepathoi any -'desired one of the denominational stops.

.' 18. In a typewritinf,Y machine and tabulatng nicchanism, .thecombination of a carriage, a series of scgmentally arrangeddenominational stops, a series oi keys which are depressible todifferent extents, a tabulatng stop with which said keys cooperate tobring it into the path of any desired one of the denominational stops, auniversal bar which is actuated by each of the various key levers,andmeans controlled by said universal bar for releasing the carriage.

19. In a typewrlting machine and tabulatinpr meclmn ism, the combinationof a carriage, a series otdenominational stops, a series of lgeys, aseries of adjustable stops vwhich variably arrest said keys, a'tnlmlating stop with which said keys co-,operate to brin,r it into thepath of any desired one of the denomination stops.

20. In n typewritlng machine and tabulating mechanism therefor, the'combination of a carriage, a tabulating stop on the carriage, atabulating stop on the frame of the machine, and means controlled by thecontact between said stops for preventing the rebound of the carriage.

21. The combination with u typewriting machine and tabulating mechanismtherefor, including a power driven carriage and its escapement mechiism, of means for automatically releasing the carriage from itsescnpeincnt' mechanism when the tabulating: mechanism is operated,

and means controlled by theimpact between the tabulatlng stops for,preventing a rebound of the carriage when the tab'ulating mechanism isoperated.

22. 1n a typewriting machine -n `tabulatlng mechanism, the combinationof acarrlapf a tabulntlng stop, n denominational stop, n series of kcjlevers, a universal sublover which is adapted to be actuated by all ofsaid key levers, intervening connections between said tabulating stopand the universal sub-lever for moving said tabulating stop to differentextents by the actuation of the different key levers, a universal frameadapted to he actuated Aby any of said key levers, and means connectedto said universal frame for releasing the carriage after the tahulatiiigstop has been moved to the arresting position.

l 23. In a typewritlng machine and tabulatina mechanism. the combinationof a. power driven carriage, a tabulatinf; stop, a rock shaft whichcarries said tabulatim,y stop. a denominational stop device, a. seriesof -key levers. a universal sub-lever. intervening connections betweensaid rock shaft and the universal sub-lever for moving said tabulatingstop to different extents by the actuation of the ditierent key levers,a universal frame adapted to be actuatedby all of said key levers, andmeans connected to `said universal frame for releasing the carriageafter the leverfor moving said tabulatingr stop to different extents bythe'actuation of the different key levers, a universal `frame adapted-tobe actuated by any of said key levers,

" `and means connected-to said universal frame for releasing thecarriage vafter the tabulatim,r stop has been movedto the arrestingposition.

25. in a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a tabulating stop, a rock shaft `whichcarries said tabulating stop, a denominational lstop device, a series ofkey levers, a universal s\ib-lever,the different 'key levers beingadapted to bear upon said sub-lever at different distances fromI itsVfulcrumto vary its extent of movement, intervening connections betweensaid rock shaft, and the universal sublevcrior moving said tabulatingstop to different extents by the actuation of the different key levers,a universal frame adapted to he actuated by said key levers, and meansconnected to said universal frame for releasing the carriage after therock shaft has been turned to move the tabulating stop to the arrestingposition.

2G. In a typewriting'machine and tabulatipg mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, escapemeni? mechanism therefor, a tabulating stop. acil-operating denominational stop device, a series ot kcirieversdepressible to ditlereut extents to vary the position of the tahulatingstop, and thus arrest the carriage at different denominationalpositions, and a movable device which is operatively connected to saidcscapement mechanism and is operable by any-of said ykey levers torelease the carriage after the tabulating stop has been moved tothearresting position.

27. In atypewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combination of-a carriage, `escapement mechanism thereior, a tabulating stop, a rockshaft which carries said tabulatingy stop, a co-operating denominationalstop device, a series of key levers depressible to different ex- -teuisto turn the rock shaft different 'distances :1nd,thus

vary the position of the tabulating stop, to` arrest the` carriage atdierent denominational positions, `and a movable device which isoperatively connected to said escapement mechanism a'nd is operable byany of said key levers to release the carriage after the rock Vshaft-has been turned to bring the tabulating stop to the arrestingposition.- l

225. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism,

-the combination o1' a carriage, escapement mechanism `ments to releasethe carriage' after-the -tabulating stop and denominational stop devicehave been interposed one in the path of the other. 4

1.9. In atypewriting machine and tabulatlng.mechanism, the combinationof a carriage; a series of denomination stops, a column stop movable toa plurality of denominational positions, a universal bar connected tosaid stop, a plurality of denominational key levers all acting on 'saiduniversal bar to variably move the column stop, and a series ot' stopsto vary the depression of the key levers.`

30.. In a trpewritin; machine and tahulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, Aa series of denomination stops, a column stop movable toa plurality of denominational positions, a universal bnr connected tosaid stop, a plurality of denominational key levers ull acting on saiduniversal bar to variably move the column stop, the key levers having' acommon pivot and e'ach having a contact piece, the various contactpieces being located at different distances from the common pivot, and aseries of stops' one for each 'key ,leverI and said stops being arrangedat different elevations. n

Jil. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, escapement mechanism, denomination stops, a tahulatiugstop, a series of denominational key levers having projections or lip ofdierent lengths, a universal frame operable by said key levers, andconncctiousvfrom the said frame to the escapement mechanism to separatesame and release the carriage.

32. In'a typewriting machine and tabulatingr mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a series of denominational stops, a co-operatingtabulatlng stop, a rock-shaft which carries said tabulating stop andwhich isI adapted to be rocked to diderent extents, a pinion carried bysaid-rock shaft, a pivoted universal frame, a link connected to saidframe, 'a rack carried by said linkY and. meshing with said pinion, anda series of key levers which are adapted to bear on said universal frameat dlderent distances from its pivot.

33. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, escapement mechan- `ism therefor, tabulating devices forarresting the carriage at different denominational positions, a seriesof key levers for actuating said tabulating devices and todetermine thedenominational position at which the carriage is to be arrested, auniversal bar which is operabletby the -diiferent key levers atdifferentv extents of their depression and intermediate connectionsbetween said universal bar and the esca'pement whereby the carriage isreleasdi after the tabulating devices havebeen moved to the arresting'therefor, tabulating devices for arresting,r the carriage at dltierentdenominational positions, a series of key levers for actuating saidtabulating devices, projections which extend from said key levers tovaryingr extents, a pivoted universal bar with which said projectionscontact during the actuating of the tabulating devices, and a connectionfrom said universal bar tothe escapcment mechanism, whereby the carriageis released after the tabulating devices have been moved to thearresting position.

35. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a pivoted feed rack therefor, an escapement device whichco-operateswith said feed rack, a rack raiser, tabulating devices, aplurality of key levers for actuating said' tabulating devices to arrestthe carriage at different denominational positions, a universal bar withwhich said key levers co-operate, and connections between said rackraiser and universal bar.

3G. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a pivoted feed rack therefor, escapement mechanism whichco-operates with said feed rack, a rack raiser, tubulatinf,r devices, a.plurality of key levers which are depressible to different extents foractuating said tabulating devices to arrest the carriagent differentdenominational positions, projections which extend from. said key leversto different extents, a universal vbar on which said projections areadapted to bear, and connections between said rack raiser and uliiversalbar.

37. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the' combinationof a. carriage, a tabulating stop, a.

tubular support, spirally arranged denominational stops carried by saidtubular s'upport and having intervening spaces which are Wide enough topermit the tabulating stop to pass between said denominational' stopswhile within the tubular support, and means for turning the tabulatingand denominational stops relatively one to the other.

3S. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a carriage, a tabulating stop, a

tubular support, and spirally arranged denominational stops, carried bysaid tubular support and having an lntervenng space between the terminaldenominational stops which is wide enough to permit the denominationalstops andtabulating stop to pass one another while the latter is in thenormal position.

39.- In a typewriting machine and tabulating` mechanism, the sombinationof a carriage, a tabulating stop, a tubular support, and spirallyarranged denominational stops carried by said tubular support and havingintervening spaces which are wide enough to permit the tabulating stopto turn between said denominational stops while within the tubularsupport and having a space be ltween the terminaly denominational stopswhich is wide enough to permit denominational stops and tabulating stopto pass one another while the latter is inthe normal position.

\40. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combination,with a carriage. and tabulating mechanism, of means which is throwninto action by the im pact of the carriage to prevent a rebound thereof.

41. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationIwith a carriage and tabulatingfmechanism, of a pressure device which ismoved to the opera tive position by the impact of the carriage andprevents rebound of the carriage. A

42. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a tabulating stop carried thereby, atabulating` stop carried by the frame of-the machine and a holdingmember which is applied to thecarriage by 'the impact of the tabulatingstops one against the other and to check the rebound of the carriage.

43. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power drivencarriage, tabulating mechanism, a part of which is moved to' arrest thecarriage when the tabularing mechanism'is actuated, and a pressuredevice which is operatively connected to said part and is applied to thecarriage by the' impact on said part.

44. In a typewri'ting machine and tabulating .mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a tabulatiug stop carried thereby, aco-operating tabulating stop, a pressuredevice which is controlled byone of said tabulatingstops and which is applied by the impact of onestop against the other to check. rebound of thev carriage.

45. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a tabulating stop, a movable stop rod,atabulating stop carried thereby, and means operatively connected tosaid stop rod and which engage some part of the carriage to prevent rebound thereof when the said tabulating stops contact. f

46. In a typewriting' machine and tabulating mechanism. the combinationof a power driven carriage, av tabulating stop, a movable stop rod, atabulating `stop carried thereby, a pressure device operativelyconnected to said stop rod and which is applied to prevent a rebound` ofthe carriage when the said tabulating stops contact.

47. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, atabuf' lating stop, a longitudinallymovable stop rod, la tabulating stop carriedtthrreby andadjustablethereon, a brake operatively connected to said stop `rod andautomatically applied by thelongitudinal movement ofsaid stop rod toprevent rebound o iA the carriage when the said tabulating stopscontact.

48. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, s. tabubiting stop carried thereby, alongitudinally movable stop rod which is carried by the framepf themachine and el:` tends longitudinally of the carriage, a tabulating stop.carried by said stop rod, a holding device foi-the carriage which isactuated by the longitudinal movement ot said stop rod and to check arebound of the carriage'.

49, In a typewriting machine and tabulatlng mech-.inism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a tabulating stop carried thereby, alongitudinally' movable stop rod which is carried by the frame of themachine and cxtends`longitudinally-of the carriage, a tabulating stopcarried by said stop rod and a brake which is applied to the carriage bythe longitudinal movement of said stop rod and 'to prevent rebound ofthe carriage.

50. In a typewriting machine; the combination of a power drivencarriage, a feed rack carried thereby, tubulating mechanism, and a brakewhich is adapted to be applied to said feed rack by the impact of thetabulating mechanism.

51. In a typewriting machine, the combination ot a power drivencarriage, escapement mechanism therefor, a feed rack carried by thecarriage, tabulating mechanism including means for releasing thecarriage from Iits escapement mechanism when the tabulator is operated,and means which are forced into engagement with the feed rack by theimpact of the tabulating devices and to prevent rebound of the carriage.

52. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a tabuloting stop, a longitudinally movablerock shaft, a co-operating tabulating stop carried by said rock shaft,means for rocking said shaft to move the tabulating stop thereon into aposition to co-opcrate with the ii'rstmentioned stop, 4and meanscontrolled by the impact between` the stops to engage the carriage andprevent a rebound thereof.

53. In a typcwriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a tabulating stop, a longitudinally movablerock shaft, a co-opA crating tabula-ting stop carried by said rockshaft, means for rocking said shaft to move the tabulating stop thereoninto a position to co-operate with the first mentioned stop, and meanscontrolled by the longitudinal movement of the rock shaft for engagingthe carriage and preventing a rebound thereof.

54. In a typewritiug machine and in tabuiating mechanism, thecombination of a power driven carriage, a tabulating stop carriedthereby, a longitudinally movable .rock shaft carried by the frame ofthe machine, n tabulating stop carried by said rock shaft, key actuatedmeans for turning 'said rock shaft and for releasing the carriage, andmeans controlled by the longitudinal movement of the rock shaft forpreventing rebound oi.' the carriage.

55. In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, escapement mechanism therefor, a tabulatingstop carried by thc carriage, a longitudinally movable rock shaftcarried by thc frame of. the machine, an adjustable tabulating stopcarried by said rock shaft, finger keys at the keyboard ot the machine,means controlled by said finger keys for turning said rock shaft and forreleasing the carriage, and a brake operatively connected to said rockshaft and controlled by the longitudinal movement thereof for preventingrebound ot the carriage.

56. 'In a typewriting machine and tabulating mechanism, the combinationof a power driven carriage, a tabulating stop thereon. a longitudinallyarranged and end- 'wise movable stop bar, a` tabulating stop thereon, arod connected to said bai' and a vibratory shoe or dog connected to saidrod and adapted to engage a part of said carriage. 4

57. In a typewriting machineand tabuiating mechanism, the combination ofa power driven carriage, a tabu- .lating stop thereon, a longitudinallyarranged and cndwise movable stop bar, a stop thereon, a lever connectedto said bar, a shoe` or dog adapted to prevent rebound ot the carriage,a rodconnecting the shoe or dog with said lever, and a returning spring.

'Signed at Springfield, in the county of Hampden, and State-ofMassachusetts, this 6th day of March A. D. 1902.

CARL GABnInLsoN.

Witnesses: l

'2L G. DUNNiNG,

H. W. Mnxmmr.

